Instead, most oils undergo a transition known as "gelling" or "wax crystallization. Pipelines traversing cold regions are frequently equipped with "pigging" operations or continuous flow systems to prevent the oil from stagnating and gelling.
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Conversely, crude from warmer regions tends to be "heavy" and "sour" with lower wax content, making it more resistant to cold temperatures but presenting different refining challenges. For example, diesel fuel is treated to reduce its cloud point—the temperature at which waxes begin to form visible crystals that can obstruct fuel filters.
This composition gives them a higher pour point, meaning they are more susceptible to gelling in cold environments. Comparison of Temperature Thresholds The following table provides a general overview of how different petroleum products typically behave in cold temperatures, highlighting the varying degrees to which "freezing" or gelling occurs.
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Crude oils sourced from colder regions, such as those in Alaska or the North Sea, are classified as "light" and "sweet," and they contain a higher concentration of waxes. During refining, crude is distilled and treated to remove impurities and unwanted waxes.
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