A typical multigrade oil, such as 5W-30, combines two numbers separated by a "W" which stands for winter. Reference Guide for Common Ratings SAE Grade Cold Temp Performance Hot Temp Performance 0W-20 Excellent flow in extreme cold Moderate protection at high temps 5W-30 Good flow for easy starting Balanced protection for daily driving 10W-40 Standard flow High protection for towing or hot climates 15W-50 Thicker flow when cold Heavy-duty protection for high stress Viscosity vs.
Understanding SAE Hot Oil Performance Ratings
The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) established a standardized system for grading the viscosity, or thickness, of lubricants. This number reflects the oil's ability to maintain a stable, protective film under stress.
Choosing the Correct Specification Selecting the wrong SAE grade can compromise engine performance and longevity. Conversely, using oil that is too thick in cold weather can result in difficult cold starts and reduced fuel efficiency due to the high resistance the engine must overcome.
Understanding SAE Hot Oil Performance Ratings
The "W" rating ensures that the oil remains fluid enough to protect the engine in freezing conditions, allowing it to pump through the system and reach all necessary components almost instantly. A 30-weight oil, for example, is designed to be thick enough to sustain a strong oil film that prevents metal-to-metal contact while the engine is under load.
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