Over time, this biological material was cut off from oxygen, preventing complete decay and creating a concentrated organic soup that would eventually transform into hydrocarbons. The proteins, fats, and carbohydrates underwent a process known as diagenesis, breaking down into a waxy substance called kerogen.
The Transformation of Organic Matter into Kerogen
Aliphatics, which include paraffins and naphthenes, are typically the main components, while aromatics such as benzene, toluene, and xylene contribute to the density and viscosity of the oil. Light crude oil contains a high percentage of small, volatile hydrocarbons, making it easier to refine and more valuable for gasoline production.
Conversely, heavy crude oil is thick and dense, containing a higher concentration of large, complex molecules that are difficult to extract and refine. The geographical origin of the oil dictates its molecular weight, sulfur content, and API gravity, which in turn dictates its market value and intended use.
The Transformation of Organic Matter into Kerogen During Diagenesis
From Organic Matter to Kerogen As the buried organic layer accumulated under increasing pressure and heat, a complex chemical transformation occurred. Unlike land plants, which mostly contribute cellulose and lignin, marine life is rich in lipids and proteins.
More About What is oil made out of
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