Crude is first heated in distillation towers to separate light and heavy fractions. Today, the bulk of refining capacity is concentrated in three corridors: the Los Angeles area, including Wilmington and Carson; the Bay Area, with sites in Richmond and Martinez; and the Central Valley, notably around Bakersfield.
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Employment, Tax Revenue, and Local Supply Chains Direct and Indirect Economic Impact California refineries support thousands of high-skilled operations and maintenance jobs, along with additional positions in engineering, logistics, and contracting. The Transition Toward Lower-Carbon Energy With California committed to deep decarbonization, refineries are exploring ways to reduce their carbon intensity.
Local businesses benefit from contracts involving equipment maintenance, transportation, and safety services, creating a broader economic footprint beyond the fence line of each facility. Looking ahead, California’s refining sector is likely to remain smaller but more specialized, emphasizing cleaner products, advanced processes, and integration with a low-carbon energy system.
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How Refineries Transform Crude into Products Refineries use distillation, cracking, and treating processes to convert crude oil into finished products. Geopolitical events, changes in crude slates, and competition from other regions influence operations and investment decisions.
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